A Comparison of Spoken and Written Language Use in Traditional and <scp>Technology‐Mediated</scp> Learning Environments

A key piece of a validity argument for language assessment tool is clear overlap between tasks and the target use (TLU) domain (i.e., description inference). The TOEFL 2000 Spoken Written Academic Language (T2K-SWAL) corpus, which represents variety academic registers disciplines in traditional learning environments (e.g., lectures, office hours, textbooks, course packs), has served as an important foundation iBT® test's inference more than 15 years. There are, however, signs that characteristics students encounter may be changing. Increasingly, typical university courses include technology-mediated (TMLEs), such those represented by management software other online educational tools. To ensure iBT test continue to align with TLU domain, it analyze are typically encountered TMLEs. In this study, we address issue collecting relatively large (4.5 million words) corpus spoken written TMLE across six primary T2K-SWAL. This was subsequently tagged wide linguistic features, multidimensional analysis conducted compare contrast results indicate although some similarities exist texts TMLEs, also differs (and modes) regard dimensions.